Superior Qualities of Tosoh

• Strength
• Consistency
• Purity
• No aging

Grinding media appearance

When examined with a metallographic microscope, TOSOH zirconia powder shows perfect grinding media homogeneity when compared to competitors.

This uniformity ensures that INDURATE® products' fracture probability is the lowest on the market and the strength and aging factors are unmatched compared to competitors.

TOSOH

C1

C2

Grinding media micro structure

Metallographic microscope images reveal that TOSOH micro structure is homogenous compared to competitors. The pictures also reveal inconsistencies and impurities in the low-quality Zirconia.

TOSOH

C1

C2

Sintered blanks micro structure

With the correct Sintering process (1500C T-max at 2h) the results for materials of HT, ET and T models are shown below. As you can see there are no imperfections present with perfect density, which in equates to superior strength of the final construction.

HT

ET

T

Grinding media surface

When examined with a metallographic microscope, each particle of TOSOH nano-zirconia is perfectly smooth compared to low-quality counterparts. Smoothness has an effect on how tightly the particles hold on to each other when pressed together, and therefore affects strength and fracture probability.

TOSOH

C1

C2

3-point vs 4-point flexural strength

Strength can be measured by 3-point and a 4-point test. The difference is that 4-point test uses a larger surface area, which increases the likelihood of there being a small pore in the tested area. Some manufacturers use 3-point tests because they show more favorable results. They usually also display average values to hide inconsistencies.

INDURATE® Zirconia strength values are always based on 4-point testing and minimal strength values of the product is presented.

3-point test

4-point test

3-point flexural strength

When 3-point tested, C-1 test sample looks good. However, minimum bending strength data should be considered, not just the maximum.

4-point flexural strength

3-point test values for the J-1 nano-zirconia test sample looks good but low values of 4-point testing look very different. This shows clearly the effect of test method.

Fracture probability

It is a key element as it shows what are the chances of a failure of a construction made from the material.

Some competitors appear to have a good crush performance, especially in top of the graph. However, the lower part of the graph makes all the difference.

For example, at 0.5 kgf, test sample F has about 20% probability to break – but Tosoh has 0% probability to break at 0.5 kgf.

Consistency

Lot-to-Lot consistency makes sure that all products made of the material exhibit same features and same technical properties. This ensures consistent quality in every unit.

Purity

Purity makes sure that not only the material is strong due to no foreign bodies being present but also that it is healthy, with no negative elements that could effect a patient's health.

Chemical analysis shows the purity and consistency of TOSOH nano-zirconia. Poor quality brands can have strange contaminations elements and/or additives in their zirconia. Even led has been found in poor-quality products.

Aging

Discs made of TOSOH zirconia have minimal to no monoclinic trasnformation.

Patients using the final product don't have to be afraid to consume hot and cold drinks as these will not damage their dental construction, the dental construction will last and serve longer.